Basics of Grammar

 

English Grammar

Table of Contents

Conjunction 

A conjunction is a word which merely joins together sentences or sometimes words. 

Example

The man is poor but honest 

Two and two make four.


Kinds

1. Co-Ordinative conjunction

2. subordinative conjunction

3. corelative conjunction


1. Coordinative conjunction

It joins two statements of equal range and also joins independent clauses.


Example

He is slow but he is sure.

Subordinative conjunction


1. Subordinative conjunction

It joins the subordinate clause with the main clause or joins the dependent clause with the independent clause.


Example 

You will pass if you work hard.


3. Co-relative conjunction

Conjunctions which are used in pairs are called co-relating conjunction.

(either or neither nor) (Though yet) (weather or) (Not only, but also)


Preposition 

A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. It describes a 

relationship between words in a sentence.


Example 

The letter is far (P) you.

The book is on (P) the table.


Kinds

1. Simple Preposition

2. Compound Preposition

3. Phrase Preposition

4. Participle Prepositions


1. Simple Preposition 

These are the prepositions at their basic forms.


Example 

at, by, for, in, of, on, from, to, with etc.


2. Compund Preposition

A preposition to a noun or to any other word. These are formed by prefixing a preposition to a [Noun, or to adjective (adverb)]


Example

According to her principal, she is a good student. 

The garden was not clean aside from the cafeteria. 

They worked because of the recognition they get.

You should have gone south instead of going right.  


3. Phrase Preposition

"Phrase means a collection of words"

A phrase preposition is a group of words used with a preposition.


Example 

According to, for the sake of, with this regard, in order to, because of, away from, with 

regard to (Participle -> ing form)


4. Partisiple Preposition

The present participle of as a preposition it is called a participle preposition.


Example

Concerning, considering, regarding, respecting

Relationship Expressed by Preposition

Place, time, agency (agent), manner, cause/purpose, possession, standard, source/origin


Examples

Place 

Birds fly in the sky.

Time

I will be leaving at 9:00 am.

Agency

Destroyed by fire

Manners

Fought with courage

Cause / Purpose

I am working hard for success.

Possession

The house of the PM (Prime Minister).

Standard

He Charges interest at 9%.

Source / Origin

Skills come from practice.


Interjection

An interjection is a word that expresses a strong feeling.


Example

Wow, Oh, Hurray, Ah, Opps, Shut etc.


Articles

The adjective 'a', 'an'. or, 'the' are called articles.


Categories


Definite (can specify)

Indefinite (Can't specify)


Definite 

Point out a particular noun. e.g the


Indefinite

Doesn't point out a particular noun. e.g a, an


Use of Definite Article

e.g Give me the book

when we talk of something particular.

When a singular noun is meant to represent a whole class.

e.g The horse is a noble animal

The woman is fragile

Before some proper names (oceans or seas, rivers, can't, desserts, groups of islands, mountains, ranges, a few names of countries


Ocean; The specific, ocean, The black sea. 


River; The Neel.


Canal; The Suez Canal 


Desert; The Ragistan, The Choolistan 


Groups of Islands; The Westendiens


Mountain ranges; The mountain Himalayas


Few names of countries; The UK (United Kingdom)


Use of Indefinite Article

In its original numerical sense one "a" is used 

When something is not certain

When we want to make a specific thing common then "a" is used.



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